Haj, Handicap during the Antiquity, q

Record of the American Oriental Neighborhood 58: 235-40. Heading representations of Mani or Manes, c. 216-276 Ce, is actually talked about, with planning of one’s tradition noted of the al-Nadim (writing c. 987 Ce) one Mani was lame in both base or even in his best leg. You to definitely traditions was supported by retranslation from a term for the the Pahlavi Denkart (3.2 hundred, 1-13) (get a hold of Dinkard, above), using the term ‘broken’ otherwise ‘crippled’ to Mani (see less than, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).

Right here, according to Michael Dols, the guy talked about “bodily infirmities like facial skin issues, lameness, paralysis, and deafness and private qualities including hair loss, leanness, and you may ugliness

Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr bin Bahr) pГ¤ivГ¤määrГ¤ kauniita Irlanti naisia. Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [The fresh new Lepers, this new Lame, the brand new Blind, while the Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) is actually a prolific, important and you may somewhat unappealing creator that have ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), in the Basra (now for the Iraq), whoever performs has been much quoted across the Arab world. ” His point was to reveal that “physical infirmities and you can peculiarities do not impede one out of becoming a completely productive person in this new Muslim community or pub your off crucial organizations. Al-Jahiz managed one actual problems commonly social stigmas but they are exactly what may be named signs of divine true blessing or like.” (Yards Dols, 1983, The newest leper for the Gothic Islamic people. Speculum 58: 891-916, on p. 901) Even with their own experience of negative personal reactions, al-Jahiz in one of their top-recognized performs, ‘The Miracle regarding Creation’, authored harshly throughout the personal regions of deafness. Apart from the deaf individuals loss of musical, “Men and women are bored stiff within his business and he are a burden in it. They are unable to tune in to the mans reports and you can talks. Even if establish it is as though he was indeed missing, and although real time it is since if the guy was in fact deceased.” (cited by F. v., p. 159). Get a hold of second issues. A unique commentator cards you to definitely “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is among the most difficult functions Jahiz, as well as material is almost book in the historical Arabic books. (Truth be told there does not appear to be a keen English interpretation offered at present).

JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Lives from inside the Old India because Portrayed about Jain Canons. Bombay: The fresh new Publication Business. Sickness and you may procedures, together with certain disabilities, off Jaina present (pp. 178-81). Individuals with disabilities, and mental retardation, is actually omitted regarding signing up for religious purchases (194). Select Tattvartha Sutra, below; including second one or two issues).

[JAINA Texts] Gaina Sutras interpreted away from Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, 2 vols, (1884 and 1895), SBE 22 & forty five, Oxford: Clarendon. [The fresh new SBE collection put an enthusiastic italicised ‘G’ in lieu of ‘J’, needless to say factors. Right here ‘Gaina’ has been reinserted from the regular alphabetical order to have comfort.] – The fresh Akaranga Sutra (in the vol. I), off possibly the 5th century Ce, gave instruction to own an effective holy and simple existence. Impairment and you will impairment arrive, age.grams. “towards the destruction of thinking of your own ear, eyes, areas of smelling, sampling, coming in contact with, a person becomes familiar with new refuse off life” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk I (2) 1]. Fresh fruit out of completely wrong acts when you look at the earlier lives try: “Comes and you may leprosy, use, shedding disorder, blindness and you can hardness, lameness and you will humpbackedness, Dropsy and you can dumbness, browse! apoplexy (?) and vision-condition, trembling and you may crippledness, elephantiasis and you can diabetic issues, They are the 16 ailment specified within the due acquisition; along with them many ailments and you can wounds can be found.” (I: 54) [Bk I (6) step one.] Yet , best-oriented individuals will be make sure to have fun with harmless words when fulfilling anyone with eg requirements. It “shouldn’t talk of these along these lines: ‘He has comes otherwise leprosy, etcetera [including the fresh new conditions revealed over]; his hands is reduce, otherwise his feet, nostrils, ear, lip is actually clipped.’ To have just like the most of the these people, verbal so you’re able to in such vocabulary, be mad, and therefore, provided better, they must not consult with them such code.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) dos.] – The brand new Uttaradhyayana Sutra (into the Vol. II) as well as notes handicap having age, “When your muscles grows old, plus locks transforms light, the efficacy of your ears reduces”, similarly toward attention, nose, language, reach (II: p. 44) [section X]. – The brand new Sutrakritanga Sutra (for the Vol. II) states for the passageway the new “blind-born guy” (p. 243), and you can “dudes whom walk-on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering immediately after relationship is cautioned of your own terrible disablement out-of one problem: are bought regarding away from dawn right until midnight by the spouse, together with rest of the night soothing infants and you may laundry its nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks exactly who take part in erotic pleasures try promised nevertheless bad pain after they pass away; after which it “is created deaf-and-dumb, or blind [footnote: sometimes blind by the beginning, otherwise certainly dumb or ignorant], or dumb by birth.” (p. 363; similar towards the pp. 367, 430) [Bk dos (2); and you may dos (7)].